The "Copy-Paste" Symbol: How to Use Mai Yamok (ๆ)

If you read Thai, you’ve definitely seen this little squiggly character: . It looks like a tiny snake.

This is called Mai Yamok (ไม้ยมก). It is the ultimate tool for lazy writers (Like me) because it acts like a "Copy & Paste" button. Instead of writing a word twice, you just write it once and add .

But be careful! It’s not just for repeating words. There are specific rules on how to use it correctly according to the Royal Society of Thailand.

Here is your guide to mastering the repetition mark.


What does it do?

The word "Yamok" (ยมก) literally means "Pair" or "Double". Its main job is to repeat the word, phrase, or sentence that comes immediately before it.

Basic Example:



The 3 Levels of Repetition

Most learners think only repeats a single word. Actually, it can repeat much more than that. You have to look at the context to know how much to repeat.


A. Repeating a Word (คำ)

This is the most common use. It emphasizes the meaning or makes a noun plural.


B. Repeating a Phrase (วลี)

Sometimes, you have to repeat the whole group of words.

  • Written: เขาตะโกนว่า ไฟไหม้ ๆ
  • Read as: Khao ta-gon wah "Fai-mai! Fai-mai!" (Fire! Fire!) (You don't say "Fai-mai-mai")


C. Repeating a Sentence (ประโยค)

  • Written: วันหนึ่ง เขาทำอะไรบ้าง
  • Read as: Wan-nueng Wan-nueng khao tum arai bang. (Day by day / Each day, what does he do?)


When NOT to Use It

Even though it sounds like a repetition, there are strict rules where using is incorrect.


Rule #1: Do not use with "Nana" (นานา) 

The word นานา (Na-na), meaning "various," sounds like a repeated word, but it is a Pali-Sanskrit loanword, not a Thai repetition. You must write it out fully.

  • ❌ นา ๆ (Wrong)
  • นานา (Right)


Rule #2: Do not use with "Ja Ja" (จะจะ) 

The word จะจะ (Ja-Ja), meaning "clearly" or "explicitly," must be written out fully.

  • ❌ จะ ๆ (Wrong)
  • จะจะ (Right)


Rule #3: Do not use in Poetry 

In Thai verse, strictly speaking, you should write the full words out to preserve the aesthetics of the poem.


Rule #4: Do not use if the words have different meanings 

If a word ends one sentence and the next sentence starts with the same sound but a different meaning, you cannot use .

  • ❌ เขาเคยไปทุกวันๆ นี้เขาไม่ไปแล้ว (Wrong)
  • ✅ เขาเคยไปทุกวัน วันนี้เขาไม่ไปแล้ว (Right) (He used to go every day. Today, he doesn't go anymore.)


Rule #5: Do not use if words are different Parts of Speech 

Even if the word looks exactly the same, if they function as different grammatical types, you cannot use . For example: คนคนนี้ (Khon Khon Nee) = This person.

  • The first คน is a Noun (Person).
  • The second คน is a Classifier (Unit for counting people). Because they are different parts of speech, they must be written separately.
  • ❌ คน ๆ นี้มีวินัย (Wrong)
  • คนคนนี้มีวินัย (Right)


How to Space It Correctly

This is a pro-tip that even many Thais forget! According to the official rules, you must put a space both before and after the Mai Yamok.

  • ❌ เด็กๆเล่น (No space)
  • ❌ เด็ก ๆเล่น (Space front only)
  • เด็ก ๆ เล่น (Space both sides)


Thais love the Mai Yamok so much that sometimes, we secretly wish we could use it in English too. If you see a Thai friend typing "Happyๆ" in a chat, just know that they are just being efficient (and a little bit lazy)! 😂


Summary

  1. Use it to repeat: Words, phrases, or sentences.

  2. Don't use it for: Nana (นานา), Jaja (จะจะ), or in poems.

  3. Spacing: Space before and after the mark ( _ ๆ _ ).

Now you are ready to write Thai like a native! เก่งมาก ๆ (Geng mak mak!)


Sources: [1] Office of the Royal Society. (n.d.). Principles of using punctuation markshttp://legacy.orst.go.th/?page_id=10427 [2] Office of the Royal Society. (2009). Mai Yamok or Yamokhttp://legacy.orst.go.th/?knowledges=%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%81-%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD-%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%81-%E0%B9%92%E0%B9%91-%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%84 [3] Office of the Royal Society. (n.d.). Spacing Ruleshttp://legacy.orst.go.th/?page_id=10360


Challenge: My Weekend Story

Read the story below and choose the correctly written word in the brackets:

"ในวันหยุดสุดสัปดาห์ (เด็กๆ / เด็ก ๆ) หลายคนชอบไปวิ่งเล่นที่สวนสาธารณะ ที่นั่นมีดอกไม้ (นานา / นา ๆ) พันธุ์บานสะพรั่งส่งกลิ่นหอม ฉันบังเอิญเจอเพื่อนเก่าคนหนึ่ง เราไม่ได้เจอกันมานานมาก แต่ฉันจำเขาได้แบบ (จะจะ / จะ ๆ) เพราะเขามีไฝที่แก้มอันเป็นเอกลักษณ์ เรายืนคุยกันอยู่พักใหญ่ จนฉันเหลือบไปเห็น (คนคน / คน ๆ) หนึ่งกำลังจูงสุนัขตัว (เล็กๆ / เล็ก ๆ) เดินผ่านมา สุนัขตัวนั้นน่ารักมาก มันกระดิกหาง (เร็วๆ / เร็ว ๆ) เหมือนดีใจที่ได้ออกมาเที่ยว (วันหนึ่งๆ / วันหนึ่ง ๆ) ของฉันก็หมดไปกับเรื่องเรียบง่ายแบบนี้แหละ"

Click to check your answers ▾

1. เด็ก ๆ (✅ Correct)
Rule: You must place a space before and after the Mai Yamok.

2. นานา (✅ Correct)
Rule: "Nana" is a Pali-Sanskrit loanword, not a repetition. Never use ๆ.

3. จะจะ (✅ Correct)
Rule: "jaja" (clearly) is a specific exception. It must be written out fully.

4. คนคน (✅ Correct)
Rule: Different Parts of Speech. The first "Kon" is a Noun (Person), the second is a Classifier.

5. เล็ก ๆ (✅ Correct)
Rule: Always space before and after the mark.

6. เร็ว ๆ (✅ Correct)
Rule: Always space before and after the mark.

7. วันหนึ่ง ๆ (✅ Correct)
Rule: Always space before and after the mark.

Post a Comment

0 Comments